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Important Risk Factors of Liver Cirrhosis in HIV and Hepatitis C Coinfected Patients: A Systematic Review
E-Mail Address of Dr. Esmaeil Mehraeen
s_a_alinaghi@yahoo.com
E-Mail Address of Dr. Nazanin Janfaza
s_a_alinaghi@yahoo.com
E-Mail Address of Dr. Ramin Shahidi
s_a_alinaghi@yahoo.com
E-Mail Address of Dr. Arian Afzalian
s_a_alinaghi@yahoo.com
E-Mail Address of Dr. Sanaz Varshochi
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E-Mail Address of Dr. Reyhaneh Jashaninejad
s_a_alinaghi@yahoo.com
E-Mail Address of Dr. Ava Pashaei
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E-Mail Address of Dr. Marcarious M. Tantuoyir
s_a_alinaghi@yahoo.com
E-Mail Address of Dr. Muhammed Camara
s_a_alinaghi@yahoo.com
E-Mail Address of Dr. Parinaz Paranjkhoo
s_a_alinaghi@yahoo.com
E-Mail Address of Dr. Zohal Parmoon
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E-Mail Address of Dr. Shahmohamadi Elnaz
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E-Mail Address of Dr. Roghayeh Salmani
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E-Mail Address of Dr. Parisa Matini
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E-Mail Address of Dr. Pegah Mirzapour
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E-Mail Address of Dr. Hooman Ebrahimi
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E-Mail Address of Dr. Ali Moradi
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E-Mail Address of Dr. SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
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E-Mail Address of Dr. Shayesteh Jahanfar
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Abstract
Introduction
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading cause of chronic hepatitis and liver fibrosis. Due to shared modes of transmission with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV-HCV coinfection is also common worldwide. Multiple studies have shown that the rates of liver fibrosis and associated complications increase considerably in this sub-population compared to a single HCV infection. Thus, in this study, we aimed to conduct a systematic review of possible associated important risk factors of accelerated liver cirrhosis among HIV-HCV coinfected subjects.
Methods
A systematic review of published studies relevant to the main risk factors of liver cirrhosis progression in HIV and hepatitis C coinfected patients was performed using databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase were searched using keywords and their combinations. We retrieved all the relevant papers and reports published in English till 27 June 2022, which were examined by applying inclusion/exclusion criteria for data extraction after a two-step screening process.
Results
The long-term or chronic hepatitis C and HIV coinfection is a substantial risk factor for Cirrhosis. Primary etiologies identified causing fibrosis, and the rapid progression of Cirrhosis in HIV/HCV coinfected patients include high-risk alcohol consumption, chronic elevation of ALT, AST, Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) and Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT), Body Mass Index (BMI), older age, high HIV and HCV viral loads, lower CD4+ count (<250/mm3), and male gender. Comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and high visceral fat area are suggested etiologies of cirrhosis.
Conclusion
The results showed that HIV accelerates the progression of HCV-related liver disease independent of its effect on the immune system. This effect is somehow dependent on age, gender, BMI, duration of HIV infection, and CD4 count.
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Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Biomedical Engineering Unit, University of Ghana Medical Center (UGMC), Accra, Ghana
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Mehraeen E, Janfaza N, Shahidi R, Afzalian A, Varshochi S, Jashaninejad R, Pashaei A, Tantuoyir M, Camara M, Paranjkhoo P, Parmoon Z, Elnaz S, Salmani R, Matini P, Mirzapour P, Ebrahimi H, Moradi A, SeyedAlinaghi S, Jahanfar S. Important Risk Factors of Liver Cirrhosis in HIV and Hepatitis C Coinfected Patients: A Systematic Review . Open AIDS J, 2024; 18: e18746136280350. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0118746136280350240214064332Article History
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Mehraeen E, Janfaza N, Shahidi R, Afzalian A, Varshochi S, Jashaninejad R, Pashaei A, Tantuoyir M, Camara M, Paranjkhoo P, Parmoon Z, Elnaz S, Salmani R, Matini P, Mirzapour P, Ebrahimi H, Moradi A, SeyedAlinaghi S, Jahanfar S. Important Risk Factors of Liver Cirrhosis in HIV and Hepatitis C Coinfected Patients: A Systematic Review . Open AIDS J, 2024; 18: e18746136280350. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0118746136280350240214064332Export Citation
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© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Bentham Open.
Open-Access License: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Address correspondence to this author at the Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Postal Code: 1419733141; Tel: +98-9126448153, Fax: +98-21-66581565; E-mail: s_a_alinaghi@yahoo.com
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